Hello!
Welcome to Part 1 of the writing pages! To
start, here are some basic formatting, and stylistic rules about writing
in English.
Sentence writing for paragraphs/段落の文書を書いて
First, remember that for you
are not only writing sentences. You
are writing sentences that group together in paragraphs (段落) from one topic:
例えば：
My life at my university is good. I
have made many friends here. The classes are hard. So far I enjoy this
school.
Second, make sure you
have the correct spacing between one sentence and another:
My life at my university is good. I
have made many friends here. The classes are hard. So far I enjoy this school. (Look
at the spaces between each sentence!)
Third, try to connect your sentences to make longer ones. For example:
Third, try to connect your sentences to make longer ones. For example:
My life at my university is
good and I have
made many friends here. The classes are hard, but so far I enjoy this school.
1. Topic sentences (トピックの文書)
This is the most basic
point!
Topic sentences usually
come at the beginning, or close to the beginning, of a
paragraph. They clearly and strongly give us a hint about the
topic of a paragraph.
Let's look at an example of a
student paper about university life.
例えば：
University is a whole new world for
me, and I will tell you how. My life at my university
is good and I have made many friends here. The classes are
hard, but so far I enjoy this school.
Good topic sentences not
only give hints about the paragraph topic, but also make
the person reading them want to read more:
University is a whole new world for
me, and I will tell you how. My life at my university
is good and I have made many friends here. The classes are
hard, but so far I enjoy this school. But
it is more than just about studying. It is a life unlike the one I had in high school. (…)
2. Names of people, places,
companies & organizations
Names of people are written
naturally, with only the first
letters of their personal, and family, names in CAPITAL
LETTERS. For example:
Names of places are not in ALL
CAPITAL LETTERS, or with "quotes" around
the names. For example:
I went to Kurihama
beach in August.
The Apple headquarters are located
in Cupertino, California.
Full names of companies and organizations are natural, not in
CAPITAL LETTERS or in "quotes," and if there
is more than one part to their names, the most
important parts of the names each have capitalized first
letters.
But famous companies, organizations, and
institutions can be known by their initials. For example:
Nintendo was
originally known for making playing cards.
Some think of the Tokyo
Institute of Technology as the MIT of Japan.
Cal Tech has
done some important work in the field of astrophysics.
3. Titles of books & articles
Titles of books are in italics, with
the most important words in a multi-word title with capitalized
first letters. Titles of research papers are in "quotes," but
also with the most important words in a multi-word
title with capitalized first letters. For example:
Thomas Kuhn's The
Structure of Scientific Revolutions was
influential in thinking differently about scientific progress in many
countries.
Einstein's paper "The
Field Equations of Gravitation" was one
of the works that led to his general theory of relativity.
4. Dates
Put capital
letters for days of the week and months, with a comma
(,) between a date and year. For example:
5. Voice (態)
Because academic writing in English, especially for science and technology, focuses on the subject and not the writer, the passive voice (受動態) becomes important – for example, structures like it is the position of this paper/study that…, instead of the active voice (能動態) my position is…
I think that climate change is one of the greatest issues of our time.
It is the position of this paper that climate change is one of the greatest issues of our time.
My view is that children should not have access to the internet without their parents' supervision.
Now go to Part 2 for how to begin developing our writing into compositions!
Because academic writing in English, especially for science and technology, focuses on the subject and not the writer, the passive voice (受動態) becomes important – for example, structures like it is the position of this paper/study that…, instead of the active voice (能動態) my position is…
It is the position of this paper that climate change is one of the greatest issues of our time.
This essay will argue that children should not have access to the internet without their parents' supervision.
Now go to Part 2 for how to begin developing our writing into compositions!
Images:
Top - "Line Sheet With Pen" (courtesy of adamr)/Pen on typed
paper - "Blank Document Area Shows Copyspace White Background for
Note" (courtesy of Stuart Miles)/Both images from FreeDigitalPhotos.net
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