Hello!
On this page I will show some points of advanced grammar (進んでいる文法), focusing on two key points - passive forms (受動態) and the present perfect tense (現在完了).
Passive forms/受動態
On this page I will show some points of advanced grammar (進んでいる文法), focusing on two key points - passive forms (受動態) and the present perfect tense (現在完了).
Passive forms/受動態
What is the passive form? The
passive voice is used when we want to talk about an action. It is
not important, or even known who or what is
performing the action.
例えば:
The
important thing is that my Suica card is lost. But - I don't know how
it happened.
So to show this, I can say in the passive - My Suica card was lost.
Sometimes
saying something in the passive is more polite than in the active
voice.
例えば:
In
this case, a mistake was made, but I do not say that
someone else did it (as in, "you have made a mistake").
他の例えば:
ACTIVE-PASSIVE
He
left his keys on the table.
His keys were left on the table.
His keys were left on the table.
She
couldn't find her wallet.
Her wallet couldn't be found.
Her wallet couldn't be found.
I
forgot my bad feelings over time.
My bad feelings were forgotten over time.
My bad feelings were forgotten over time.
They
delivered the books to the room.
The books were delivered to the room.
The books were delivered to the room.
Someone
uploaded software on some computers.
Some software was uploaded on the computers.
Some software was uploaded on the computers.
Present perfect tense/現在完了
What is the present perfect tense? It is used for actions from the past that still have an impact now.
I
have worked at my university since 2009.
You
have been students here since April.
They have started their new jobs from this morning.
1. It is also used for talking or writing about life or working experiences without saying any time period or point.
I've (= I have) worked at a number of universities, colleges,
and schools.
He's (= he has) traveled around many countries in Europe and
Asia.
She's gone back and forth between the Philippines
and Japan.
2. We can also use it in time expressions that connect the past to the present.
So far, I've worked every weekend this month.
Over the last few days, they've had a lot to do.
These forms are useful in speaking, but are also useful in writing.
These forms are useful in speaking, but are also useful in writing.
Image: Personal photograph. All rights reserved.
Examples of passive sentences taken and modified from http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive
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